Computing innovation

Some benefits of computing innovation is that it increases productivity. Another benefit is that it brings better service to people's overall living standards. Although the benefits of computing innovation take time to materialize. Although it can also lead to new jobs, and also help speed improve business efficiency. Some negatives to this is that along with new jobs, some people could lose their job from it. Potentially businesses can close down because of the new technology. Along with that some others could have conflicting interests, which could potentially lead to that opportunity for innovation gone. It can also be extremely expensive to make such a technology. The computer industry relies heavily on the constant improvement of each part of a computer. Such as a cpu, gpu, motherboard, ram, and etc. An example of this is a big tech company that needs new computer chips for their laptops, through innovation cpu companies such as Intel, or AMD are able to produce such a product. Not only will there be new computer chips, but huge leaps in technology and improvements.

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Digital Divide

What is the digital divide? Digital divide is the gap in technology between people. Whether it’s the environment someone lives in, or even their age. It’s determined by the unprivileged, and privileged the young, and the old. Digital divide affects all generations in rural and urban areas. It affects school children too, since some children don't have access to technology which could affect them due to the fact that they have homework online, without access to the internet they cannot continue at home, but students with a computer can. Which is unfair towards those who cannot because they do not have access to the internet. Those who work on computers are also affected by this issue, since work having access to the internet, and having the skill to use it can impact the efficiency of it. It can also even relate to health care patients, for example those with a health condition could have something happen to them and they cannot call for help since they don't have access to the internet. Although some reasons why such a thing could happen like this is a poor childhood, or being in a financially bad situation. Especially when you're a kid, you cannot change factors in your life. Sometimes it’s low literacy level areas, where most people cannot work a computer due to their low literacy. Though nowadays it’s not as bad as the government has been offering more areas with access to the internet, spreading it. An example of digital divide is when two people both have homework online, one of the two people are lower class, and has no access to the internet. While the other is upper middle class, able to use the internet freely with little to no limitations. The first person is at an obvious disadvantage as he cannot actually work on his homework while the second person actually can.

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Computer Bias

Computer bias refers to certain attributes of an algorithm that causes it to be unfair or have a different outcome. It can exist due to many factors such as the design of the algorithm, like how some data is more important than others. At times it could also be due to human designs. An example of this is like an airbag, it was designed for a male body, but not suited for a female’s body. The same kind of logic applies to designing such an algorithm. What causes the problems could be due to the data being fed. It could be potentially incomplete or irrelevant which could make the algorithm. This could lead to mistakes obviously which leads to unjust or biased results. It can also occur when everything is correct, which is because it was made to be biased in a way. There are many examples of computer bias. An example would be your playing a game and there are intentional game designs that are meant to bias towards the players. Which could easily lead to an unfair outcome, like losing.

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Crowdsourcing

Crowdsourcing involves obtaining information, and work submitted by a large group of people through the internet. Some key takeaways are that crowdsourcing is all online via the internet. Crowdsourcing also allows people, and companies to save time and money through this. Crowdsourcing also saves money and allows companies to speed up their progress. Crowdsourcing allows companies to produce more work through it. Crowdsourcing also allows companies to get into other skills, and expertise. Crowdsourcing is a great alternative to the traditional financing options. It can also negate gatekeeping since people with similar interests can come together and help each other. An example of crowdsourcing is that some company needs a job done occasionally like coding. Through crowdsourcing those tasks can be done without the expense of a full time employee. Crowdsources allows multiple people to perform the same job. For example a company wants to make a brand new company logo. Through crowdsourcing the company can have a few samples from crowdsourcing, and pick which one they like the most.

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Computing raises legal and ethical issues

Due to things such as AI legal and ethical issues are apparent. AI threatens your privacy, it has a bias, and potentially also goes against human’s judgment. AI is in almost everything such as medical equipment. AI can have mistakes resulting in a wrong step in a procedure, or mistaking the victim as something else. AI has resulted in 4 major ethical issues. First being informed consent of using data, second being safety, and transparency, algorithmic fairness, and bias, and finally data privacy. To prevent such a thing, enforcing AI in a healthcare setting is usually tackled provocatively. The limitations on AI in healthcare algorithmic transparency leads to more ethical and legal discussions. It seems AI raises a lot of legal and ethical issues. An example of AI raising legal and ethical issues is when you're in a hospital. You are a doctor using AI for help on an operation. The AI gets something wrong, and then you do something that could affect the patient in a significant way.

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Safe Computing

Keeping your computer safe from intruders is sometimes hard. It can also be a risk of information being leaked. Through this some safe practices are: don't allow your family to use your work computer, although there are some family members that could have malicious intentions. For example if they were jealous of something you have on your computer, since they know you don’t mind them on your computer they could go on it, and delete it. Some ways to keep it safe from others online, invest into an antivirus program. It doesn’t just keep viruses away, but also warns you from going on websites that might have a virus on them. Along with that always update your antivirus software as new viruses pop up, although most anti viruses Along with software updates which can patch up vulnerabilities which keep your computer safe. Last thing is to make sure your firewall is enabled, this will keep you extra safe from people using the same internet from snooping around. People tend to get your information through websites, and links. An example of this is when a supposed online friend of yours tells you to go on this website for so and so. You click on it, and your anti-virus says some sort of warning on such a page, saving you from getting a virus, and potentially information stolen.

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